In the context of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), various types of microscopes are used at different stages of the process to facilitate different aspects of the procedure. IVF is an assisted reproductive technology used to help individuals or couples with fertility issues conceive a child. Here are some types of microscopes commonly used in different steps of the IVF process:

• Inverted Microscope: Inverted microscopes are commonly used in IVF laboratories for the assessment and manipulation of oocytes (immature eggs) and embryos. The inverted design allows the objective lens to be located below the stage, providing ample space for manipulating and handling delicate samples. These microscopes are equipped with specialized stages to maintain stable temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels to ensure the optimal environment for the gametes and embryos during observation and manipulation.

• Phase Contrast Microscope: Phase contrast microscopy is employed during IVF to visualize living cells, especially for the assessment of oocyte maturity and embryo development. It enhances the contrast of transparent, unstained specimens without causing harm to the cells.

• Hoffman Modulation or DIC Microscope: Hoffman or DIC applications are typically used on the inverted microscopes to product a much sharper image during the injection process.  This allows the embryologist to perform the injection with confidence.  Micromanipulators and lasers are added to these systems in most labs.

• Microinjection Microscope: Microinjection microscopes are used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a technique where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg to facilitate fertilization. These microscopes have specialized micromanipulation systems that allow precise control of the micropipette used for sperm injection.

• Laser Microscope: In some advanced IVF laboratories, laser microscopes are used for laser-assisted hatching. This technique involves creating a small hole in the zona pellucida (outer layer) of an embryo to facilitate its implantation in the uterus.

• Polarized Light Microscope: Polarized light microscopy is used to assess the quality and maturity of sperm, particularly in cases of male infertility. This technique provides information about the presence of abnormal sperm shapes and structures.

• Fluorescence Microscope: Fluorescence microscopy may be used in research settings within the IVF laboratory to study cellular components and processes in oocytes, sperm, or embryos. It can aid in visualizing specific proteins or genetic markers.

It's important to note that the specific microscopes used in IVF laboratories may vary based on the level of technology and resources available in each facility. The primary goal of using these microscopes is to optimize the chances of successful fertilization, embryo development, and eventually, a successful pregnancy. Trained embryologists and laboratory technicians handle these microscopes and perform the necessary procedures to ensure the best outcomes for the patients undergoing IVF.